Which variable is critical when determining the flight path of a bullet?

When assessing the flight path of a bullet, all the mentioned variables play significant roles in determining how a projectile behaves once fired.

Bullet weight is crucial because it affects the inertia of the bullet and how it interacts with air resistance during its flight. Heavier bullets tend to retain energy better and can be more stable over longer distances, while lighter bullets may be more affected by wind and other environmental factors.

Cartridge length is also important because it influences how much powder can be used and how the bullet is seated in the case. A longer cartridge can accommodate more propellant, potentially resulting in higher velocities and different ballistic characteristics. Additionally, the seating depth of the bullet can affect the pressure generated upon firing, impacting the velocity and stability of the projectile.

Powder type affects the burn rate and energy release upon ignition, which directly influences the speed and energy of the bullet as it exits the barrel. Different powders can yield varying results in terms of velocity and time of flight, leading to differences in how the bullet behaves in flight.

Taken together, these variables interact to define the bullet's trajectory, making it essential to consider all of them when predicting or calculating a bullet's flight path.